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        <h4 id="定义和特点"><a href="#定义和特点" class="headerlink" title="定义和特点"></a>定义和特点</h4><p><strong>Builds can be the most awful sinkhole for terms to waste their time with - gulp is a serious win for any project.</strong></p>
<p><strong>gulp</strong> 将开发流程中让人痛苦或耗时的任务自动化，从而减少你所浪费的时间、创造更大的价值。</p>
<p>特点：</p>
<ol>
<li><p><strong>简单</strong></p>
<p>代码优于配置、node 最佳实践、精简的 API 集，gulp 让工具前所未有的简单。</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>高效</strong></p>
<p>基于 node 强大的流（stream）能力，gulp 在构建过程中并不把文件立即写入磁盘，从而提高了构建速度。</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>生态</strong></p>
<p>遵循严格的准则，确保我们的插件结构简单、运行结果可控。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<span id="more"></span>
<h5 id="官网的一个-gulpfile-js-文件"><a href="#官网的一个-gulpfile-js-文件" class="headerlink" title="官网的一个 gulpfile.js 文件"></a>官网的一个 gulpfile.js 文件</h5><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> &#123; src, dest, parallel &#125; = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;gulp&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> pug = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;gulp-pug&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> less = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;gulp-less&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> minifyCSS = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;gulp-csso&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> concat = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;gulp-concat&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">html</span>(<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="title function_">src</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;client/templates/*.pug&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    .<span class="title function_">pipe</span>(<span class="title function_">pug</span>())</span><br><span class="line">    .<span class="title function_">pipe</span>(<span class="title function_">dest</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;build/html&#x27;</span>))</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">css</span>(<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="title function_">src</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;client/templates/*.less&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    .<span class="title function_">pipe</span>(<span class="title function_">less</span>())</span><br><span class="line">    .<span class="title function_">pipe</span>(<span class="title function_">minifyCSS</span>())</span><br><span class="line">    .<span class="title function_">pipe</span>(<span class="title function_">dest</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;build/css&#x27;</span>))</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">js</span>(<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="title function_">src</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;client/javascript/*.js&#x27;</span>, &#123; <span class="attr">sourcemaps</span>: <span class="literal">true</span> &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">    .<span class="title function_">pipe</span>(<span class="title function_">concat</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;app.min.js&#x27;</span>))</span><br><span class="line">    .<span class="title function_">pipe</span>(<span class="title function_">dest</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;build/js&#x27;</span>, &#123; <span class="attr">sourcemaps</span>: <span class="literal">true</span> &#125;))</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">exports</span>.<span class="property">js</span> = js;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">exports</span>.<span class="property">css</span> = css;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">exports</span>.<span class="property">html</span> = html;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">exports</span>.<span class="property">default</span> = <span class="title function_">parallel</span>(html, css, js);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="入门指南"><a href="#入门指南" class="headerlink" title="入门指南"></a>入门指南</h4><h5 id="JavaScript-和-Gulpfile"><a href="#JavaScript-和-Gulpfile" class="headerlink" title="JavaScript 和 Gulpfile"></a>JavaScript 和 Gulpfile</h5><p>Gulp 允许你使用现有 JavaScript 知识来书写 gulpfile 文件，或者利用你所掌握的 gulpfile 经验来书写普通的 JavaScript 代码。虽然 gulp 提供了一些使用工具来简化文件系统和命令行的操作，但是你所编写的其他代码都是纯 JavaScript 代码。</p>
<h6 id="Gulpfile-详解"><a href="#Gulpfile-详解" class="headerlink" title="Gulpfile 详解"></a>Gulpfile 详解</h6><p>gulpfile 是项目目录下名为 <code>gulpfile.js</code> （或者首字母大写 <code>Gulpfile.js</code>, 就像 Makefile 一样命名）的文件，在运行 <code>gulp</code> 命令时会被自动加载。在这个文件中，你经常会看到类似<code>src()</code>、<code>dest()</code>、<code>series()</code> 或 <code>parallel()</code> 函数之类的 gulp API，除此之外，纯 JavaScript 代码 或 Node 模块也会被使用。任何导出（export）的函数都将注册到 gulp 的任务（task）系统中。</p>
<h6 id="Gulpfile-转译"><a href="#Gulpfile-转译" class="headerlink" title="Gulpfile 转译"></a>Gulpfile 转译</h6><p>你可以使用需要转译的编程语言来书写 gulpfile 文件，例如 TypeScript 或者 Babel，通过修改 <code>gulpfile.js</code> 文件的扩展名来表名所用的编程语言并安装对应的转译模块。</p>
<ul>
<li>对于 TypeScript，重命名为 <code>gulpfile.ts</code> 并安装 <code>ts-mode</code> 模块。</li>
<li>对于 Babel，重命名为 <code>gulpfile.babel.js</code> 并安装 <code>@babel/register</code> 模块。</li>
</ul>
<h6 id="Gulpfile-分割"><a href="#Gulpfile-分割" class="headerlink" title="Gulpfile 分割"></a>Gulpfile 分割</h6><p>大部分用户起初是将所有业务逻辑都写到一个 gulpfile 文件中。随着文件的变大，可以将此文件重构成数个独立的文件。</p>
<p>每个任务（task）可以被分割成独立的文件，然后导入（import）到 gulpfile 文件中并组合。这不仅使事情变得井然有序，而且可以对每个任务（task）进行单独测试，或者根据条件改变组合。</p>
<p>Node 的模块解析功能允许你将 <code>gulpfile.js</code> 文件替换为同样命名为 <code>gulpfile.js</code> 的目录，该目录中包含了一个名为 <code>index.js</code> 的文件，该文件被当作  <code>gulpfile.js</code> 使用。并且，该目录中还可以包含各个独立的任务（task）模块。</p>
<h5 id="创建任务（task）"><a href="#创建任务（task）" class="headerlink" title="创建任务（task）"></a>创建任务（task）</h5><p>每个 gulp 任务（task）都是一个异步的 JavaScript 函数，此函数是一个接受 callback 作为参数的函数，或者是一个返回 stream、promise、event emitter、child process 或 observable 类型值的函数。</p>
<h6 id="导出任务"><a href="#导出任务" class="headerlink" title="导出任务"></a>导出任务</h6><p>任务（tasks）可以是 public （<strong>公共</strong>）或 private （<strong>私有</strong>）类型的。</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>公开任务（Public tasks）</strong> 从 gulpfile 中被导出（export），可以通过 <code>gulp</code> 命令直接调用</li>
<li><strong>私有任务（Private tasks）</strong> 被设计为在内部使用，通常作为 <code>series()</code> 或 <code>parallel()</code> 组合的组成部分。</li>
</ul>
<h6 id="组合任务"><a href="#组合任务" class="headerlink" title="组合任务"></a>组合任务</h6>
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